Exploring the impacts of learning modality changes: Validation of the learning modality change community of inquiry and self-efficacy scales.

The rapid learning environment transition initiated by the COVID-19 pandemic impacted students' perception of, comfort with, and self-efficacy in the online learning environment. Garrison's Community of Inquiry framework provides a lens for examining students' online learning experiences through three interdependent elements: social presence, cognitive presence, and teaching presence. Researchers in this study developed and validated the Learning Modality Change Community of Inquiry and Self-Efficacy scales to measure health professions students' self-efficacy with online learning, while exploring how cognitive, social, and teaching presence is experienced by students who transition from one learning environment to another. The two scales demonstrate strong validity and reliability evidence and can be used by educators to explore the impacts of learning modality changes on student learning experiences. As learning environments continue to evolve, understanding the impact of these transitions can inform how educators consider curriculum design and learning environment changes.

Financial and Other Life Stressors, Psychological Distress, and Food and Beverage Consumption among Students Attending a Large California State University during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic abruptly disrupted the daily lives and health of college students across the United States. This study investigated several stressors (e.g., financial strain/uncertainty), psychological distress, and dietary behaviors among college students attending a large state university during the pandemic. A cross-sectional online survey was administered to students from the California State University, Los Angeles between April and May 2021 (final analytic sample n = 736). Differences in gender and race/ethnicity were examined using chi-square, t-test, and one-way ANOVA tests. Paired t-tests were performed to compare variables before and during the pandemic. Negative binomial regression models examined the associations between various stressors, psychological distress, and three key dietary outcomes. Descriptive results showed that the consumption of fruits and vegetables, fast food, and sugary beverages, along with psychological distress, all increased during the pandemic. Significant differences in fruit and vegetable and fast food consumption by gender and race/ethnicity were also observed. In the regression models, several stressors, including financial strain and psychological distress, were associated with unfavorable food and beverage consumption, thereby suggesting that college students may need more support in mitigating these stressors so they do not manifest as poor dietary behaviors. Poor diet quality is associated with poor physical health outcomes such as premature development of type 2 diabetes or hypertension.

Family Systems Cultural and Resilience Dimensions to Consider in Nutrition Interventions: Exploring Preschoolers' Eating and Physical Activity Routines During COVID-19.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the weight-related family functioning of racial minority families with low income using family systems theory as an interpretive framework. DESIGN: Primarily a qualitative study with interviews plus; descriptive demographics, anthropometrics, a family functioning measure, and food insecurity screening. SETTING: Telephone interviews with families of preschool-aged children in an urban setting. PARTICIPANTS: Primary caregivers of preschool-aged children. PHENOMENON OF INTEREST: Cultural impacts on family systems. ANALYSIS: Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and loaded into NVivo 12 for thematic analysis. Descriptive statistics. RESULTS: The 23 participants were mothers and 2 maternal grandmothers. Seventy-four percent were African American, most children were normal weight (n = 15, 65%), mean family function scores were high, and more than half the families were at risk for food insecurity (n = 13, 56%). Acculturation and intergenerational eating-related cultural dimensions were discerned as the overarching themes influencing family cohesion. Family cohesion appeared to have helped the families adapt to the impact of coronavirus disease 2019. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Cultural dimensions such as acculturation and intergenerational influences appeared to be associated with social cohesion and family functioning around weight-related behaviors for these families. These findings add cultural and family resilience dimensions to family systems theory in nutrition interventions.

The Competencies of Telehealth Peer Support: Perceptions of Peer Support Specialists and Supervisors During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

This report assesses the competencies and technology needed for the provision of Telehealth Peer Support by Peer Support Specialists . The online survey assessed access to technology, core competencies required for the delivery of ThPS, and resources needed by the workforce to deliver ThPS. Responses from 313 PSS and 164 managers/supervisors of PSS from New York State were analyzed. Findings indicate nearly one-quarter of the PSS workforce continues to need access to technology and one-third need training in the delivery of ThPS. Perceptions of the important, critical, and most frequently used competencies for the delivery of ThPS were rated similarly by PSS and managers/supervisors. The broad implementation of effective ThPS requires additional resources and training for the PSS workforce. Further research to validate the ThPS competencies identified in the study will enhance training programs and resources. Policy makers and those who have advocated for the continued delivery of ThPS post-stay at home orders should ensure programs delivering ThPS provide access to technology and skills training in the competencies of ThPS. The use of ThPS post COVID-19 may address some persistent service barriers such as rural access and areas with fewer available services.